Giá: 25.000đ, Men vi sinh bacillus subtilis, bacillus clausii, bacillus coagulans, Công ty Cổ phần Hóa dược và Công nghệ Sinh học Biogreen, Cần bán/Dịch vụ chuyên mục Nguyên phụ liệu sản xuất tại Quận Ba Đình - Hà Nội - 2016-01-17 03:24:23 clausii strains. We also describe findings from studies that have investigated B. clausii probiotics from the perspective of quality and safety. We highlight innovative properties based on biochemical investigations of non-probiotic strains of B. clausii, revealing that B. clausii may have further health benefits in other therapeutic areas. Sequences from the four DGGE patterns were closely related to B. subtilis and B. licheniformis; the B. cereus group; B. clausii, today known as Alkalihalobacillus clausii; and B. firmus, today known as C. firmus, respectively [25,68]. 16S rDNA sequencing and RAPD-PCR were also used by Sorokulova et al. in an attempt to assess the genetic Bacillus clausii treatment also reduced the mean number of stools per day (from 5.2 stools at baseline to 1.2 stools at study end; p < 0.001) and the proportion of children with loose stools (from 81.6 to 9.2%; p < 0.001). No treatment-related differences were observed between children with viral versus antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Đặc điểm và hoạt động kháng khuẩn của các chủng Bacillus subtilis phân lập từ đất.World Tạp chí Công nghệ sinh học vi sinh. 26 (7). Sinh học « Bacillus clausii phân loại, đặc điểm, hình thái và lợi ích Đặc điểm Bacillus thuringiensis, hình thái, vòng đời » o93KGV. Bacillus subtilis là một loại vi khuẩn có trong hệ tiêu hóa của con người và chúng mang lại những lợi ích nhất định cho chúng ta. Để hiểu rõ về loại vi khuẩn có lợi này, bạn hãy theo dõi bài viết ngay sau đây để được chuyên gia phân tích về chủ đề Bacillus subtilis là gì và có tác dụng gì với hệ tiêu hóa của trẻ? subtilis là gì?Bacillus subtilis là một lợi khuẩn đường ruộtBacillus subtilis là vi khuẩn gram dương hay còn được gọi là trực khuẩn cỏ, hay trực khuẩn rơm, vì đây là một loại vi khuẩn có trong cỏ, rơm, và cả đất nữa. Tuy nhiên chúng phát triển nhiều trong hệ tiêu hóa và mang lại nhiều tác dụng có lợi cho con người nên Bacillus subtilis được gọi là lợi khuẩn đường subtilis là trực khuẩn hình que, chúng thường tạo thành dạng bào tử để tăng khả năng sinh sống và phát triển trong môi trường khắc một tế bào Bacillus subtilis thì nó có khả năng phân đôi thành hai tế bào con đối xứng , hoặc phân chia không đối xứng để tạo các dạng bào tử trong môi trường khắc nghiệt như Chất dinh dưỡng nghèo nàn, bức xạ cao, hay hạn hán...Đặc biệt trong môi trường sống khắc nghiệt thì chúng có thể tự tạo kháng sinh để giết chết đồng loại cạnh tranh dinh dưỡng trước khi chúng hình thành bào subtilis là gì? Bacillus clausii có tác dụng gì với hệ tiêu hóa của trẻ?Chính vì tính ổn định cao của bào tử trong điều kiện sống khắc nghiệt nên trong các dạng chế phẩm thì Bacillus subtilis thường ở dạng bào tử. Khi uống vào cơ thể con người thì các dạng bào tử không bị tiêu diệt bởi acid dịch vị, sau đó vào trong ruột, các bào tử này sẽ phát triển thành dạng hoạt động giúp cơ thể cân bằng vệ vi khuẩn có lợi, và cải thiện chức năng tiêu hóa trong trường hợp sử dụng kháng sinh kéo Bào tử Bacillus subtilis có tác dụng gì đối với hệ tiêu hóa của trẻ?Bào tử Bacillus subtilis có rất nhiều tác dụng đối với trẻKhi uống các chế phẩm có chứa bào tử Bacillus subtilis thì các dạng bào tử này sẽ bền vững đi qua dạ dày, tới ruột non. Đến đây chúng nảy mầm thành các dạng lợi khuẩn giúp tạo hệ vi khuẩn có lợi cho hệ tiêu hóa của trẻ. Đồng thời cung cấp các chất dinh dưỡng và kích thích hệ miễn dịch cho trẻ. Bacillus subtilis là một loại vi khuẩn chí đường ruột, rất an toàn và không hề tạo bất cứ một loại chất nào có hại cho sức khỏe của con subtilis có khả năng tạo ra các enzym tiêu hóa như Amylase, protease, cellulose,...giúp củng cố chức năng hệ tiêu hóa và tăng khả năng hấp thu chất dinh dưỡng ở ra việc bổ sung lợi khuẩn Bacillus subtilis còn giúp tăng cường hệ vi khuẩn có lợi cho đường ruột, cung cấp thêm các chất dinh dưỡng và tăng sức đề kháng cho cơ thể của subtilis tăng cường sức đề kháng của trẻBacillus subtilis còn có tác dụng đồng hóa một số loại vitamin như vitamin B2 Đây là loại vitamin có mặt hầu hết trong các tế bào và tham gia vào quá trình dinh dưỡng và hô hấp của cơ thể con cạnh đó Bacillus subtilis còn có thể sản xuất ra một số loại kháng sinh để ức chế sự sinh trưởng và tiêu diệt những vi sinh vật có hại, giúp trẻ tăng cường miễn dịch, tăng khả năng phòng ngừa một số loại bệnh tật. Đồng thời nó có khả năng kích thích cơ thể tăng sản sinh các kháng thể IgA trên bề mặt hệ tiêu hóa giúp ức chế sự xâm nhập của các vi khuẩn gây bệnh cho Amano Enzyme bổ sung lợi khuẩn bacillus subtilis cho trẻ có một hệ tiêu hóa Enzyme tăng cường chức năng tiêu hóa, giúp trẻ ăn ngonAmano Enzyme là enzym tiêu hóa có chứa các nhóm thành phần như Lợi khuẩn, vitamin và khoáng chất, Enzyme, Lysine, Kẽm gluconat,..Hai chủng lợi khuẩn ở dạng bào tử là Bacillus subtilis và Bacillus clausii. Hai chủng này giúp tăng cường chức năng hệ tiêu hóa, hỗ trợ trẻ ăn ngon miệng và tăng sức đề tiêu hóa Amano Enzyme còn chứa rất nhiều các enzym tiêu hóa như amylase, protease Đây là các enzym giúp tăng cường phân giải thức ăn thành các chất dễ hấp thu hơn. Do đó giúp trẻ tăng khả năng hấp thu các chất dinh dưỡng và tăng cân đều có trong sản phẩm còn giúp tăng cường hệ miễn dịch và kích thích tăng bài tiết của các enzym tiêu hóa hơn từ đó góp phần giúp trẻ ăn ngon gluconat Giúp tăng cường sự nhạy cảm của vị giác, giúp trẻ có cảm giác ngon miệng hơn. Đồng thời tăng miễn dịch, chống nhiễm vitamin và khoáng chất Các vitamin nhóm B B1, B5, B6,.. , vitamin D3, canxi, magie, DHA...nhằm cung cấp các chất dinh dưỡng cần thiết cho cơ thể trẻ giúp trẻ phát triển một cách toàn diện về thể chất và trí Enzyme thích hợp cho các đối tượng nhưTrẻ biếng ăn, ăn cảm giác không ngon miệng, chậm tăng cân, hay người đang trong giai đoạn phục hồi sức khỏe sau có chức năng tiêu hóa kém do thiếu enzym tiêu hóa, hoặc người bị mất cân bằng hệ vi sinh đường ruột do sử dụng kháng sinh kéo Xem thêm Bacillus clausii là gì, có tác dụng gì với hệ tiêu hóa trẻ->> Xem thêm Hướng dẫn cách dùng amanoenzym ->> Xem thêm Trẻ bị đi ngoài mẹ cần chuẩn bị những món gì For example, the Bacillus clausii metE gene, which encodes a B12-independent form of methionine synthase, is regulated by tandem S box and B12 Comprehensive Natural Products II, 2010BACILLUS IntroductionI. Jenson, in Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology Second Edition, 2014ProbioticsBacillus species are sometimes used as probiotics in both animals and humans. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus clausii, B. cereus, B. coagulans, and B. licheniformis have been the most extensively examined. It is clear that few scientific studies have been performed on the potential of these species as probiotics, especially compared with the application of lactic acid bacteria. Bacillus have the obvious advantage over other potential probiotics that they can be produced efficiently and cost effectively by drying and survive well through shelf life. They also will survive gastric acidity and survive into the bowel, the reputed site of action. At least some strains are able to germinate and reproduce in the human gastrointestinal tract. A number of products are registered for human use and also for animal use pigs, poultry, calves, aquaculture. Most products on the market do not have extensive clinical trial data. Claims often relate to extragastrointestinal effects, such as alleviation of allergy symptoms and rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, but claims for gastrointestinal efficacy are made for some products. The mechanisms by which bacilli may be effective as probiotics is not known. Some strains have been shown to produce extracellular is a B. subtilis–fermented soybean product, native to Japan, for which health benefits often have been ascribed. It is popular as a breakfast food. Natto has a strong odor and flavor and a viscous, stringy texture. In part, this is due to the production of a cell capsule of poly-γ-glutamic acid in stationary phase. Some B. cereus probiotic products are produced from strains that produce enterotoxin or at least contain enterotoxin full chapterURL in Biomedical ResearchK. Mikawlrawng, in New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2016ProbioticsIt is a well established fact that some intestinal microfloras perform several important functions including metabolic, trophic, and protective ones for the body. Probiotics are formulations of live microbial cells such as Bacillus clausii, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium that contribute to intestinal microbial balance. Probiotics play a vital role in directly maintaining gastrointestinal microbial balance in particular, and increasing the immunity of the entire body in general. Their benefits to human and animal health have been proven in countless scientific researches. Probiotics literally means “for life,” and they are microorganisms that are associated with benefical effects for humans and animals. Regular consumption of food containing probiotic microorganisms is recommended for establishment of a positive balanced population of useful or beneficial intestinal flora. They play an important role in the protection of the organism against harmful microbes and also strengthen the immune system of the host. Probiotics are also usually consumed after antibiotic therapy, the result of which may have destroyed beneficial microbial flora of the digestive tract. However, those probiotic formulations containing some Bacillus species are recommended for use along with antibiotics since these strains eg, B clausii are resistant to antibiotics Coppi et al., 1985. Generally, the probiotic formulations consist mostly of the strains of the genera Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium, but reports are now available about the use of other strains of bacteria such as Enterococcus and Streptococcus, and even fungi such as Aspergillus and Saccharomyces Fox, 1988. With the advancement in understanding of the ecology of gastrointestinal microbes and their roles it can be speculated that more desirable microbes from fungi will join the list of full chapterURL to Polyphenolic Compounds Modulates Type 1 Diabetes The Case of GenisteinGuannan Huang, ... Tai L. Guo, in Polyphenols Mechanisms of Action in Human Health and Disease Second Edition, ProbioticsProbiotics are defined as “mono- or mixed cultures of live microorganisms that can beneficially affect the host by improving the properties of the indigenous microflora” [99]. Common probiotic components include Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bacillus clausii, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus GG, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and Streptococcus thermophiles [100]. In a prospective cohort study, probiotic supplementation at the age of 0–27 days in infants was associated with a decreased risk of islet autoimmunity comparing with probiotic supplementation after 27 days [101]. One study performed in NOD mice found that the oral probiotic VSL3 can effectively prevent T1D while inducing antiinflammatory IL-10 production [102]. Similarly, in another study, oral administration of VSL3 in NOD mice prevented T1D by inhibiting IL-1β expression and releasing components of inflammasome [103]. Moreover, by orally transferring Lactobacillus johnsonii strain from Biobreeding diabetes-resistant rats to BB-DP rats, a study found that the probiotics conferred T1D protection in diabetes-prone rats through enhanced Th17 differentiation [104]. In addition, it was reported that the combinatorial use of probiotics and vitamin C could effectively reduce BGL more than vitamin C alone in an alloxan-induced Wistar rat model [105].Read full chapterURL Ward, ... A. Kulkarni, in Encyclopedia of Microbiology Third Edition, 2009Bacillus Protease ProductionEnzymes produced by Bacillus species represent about 50% of the total enzyme market with the Bacillus alkaline serine proteases subtilisins being the single most dominant commercial enzyme because of its application in household detergents. The most important commercial serine alkaline protease, subtilisin Carlsberg, produced by B. licheniformis, consists of a single peptide chain with 274 amino acid residues, contains no cysteine amino acids, and consequently has no disulfide bonds. This enzyme is also produced by Bacillus pumilus. Another Bacillus serine alkaline protease, subtilisin BPN, produced by B. amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis, and B. stearothermophilus has little commercial significance compared with subtilisin Carlsberg. While the enzyme structures have significant similarities, the Carlsberg enzyme has a broader pH-activity curve, and it retains a much greater percentage of its optimum pH activity, when the pH is reduced to three largest enzyme manufacturers, Novo Nordisk, Genencor International, and DSM have reported market shares of about 41–44, 21, and 8%, respectively, with other producers in North America, Europe, and Asia accounting for most of the remaining 27–30%. Commercial proteases from some of the major manufacturers are listed in Table 2. The subtilisin Carlsberg-type alkaline serine protease is produced by B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, and B. subtilis. Highly alkalophilic Bacillus species, such as Bacillus clausii and Bacillus halodurans, produce more highly alkaline stable enzymes used in heavy-duty detergent formulations, such as Esperase produced by Novo Nordisk. Commercial neutral proteases produced by Bacillus species have activity optima in the region of pH 7 and these are zinc metalloproteases. They have applications in milk and soy protein modification, in brewing for control of amino nitrogen, and in optimization of cereal mash extraction and chill-haze removal. Commercially important proteases of Bacillus species are typically produced constitutively, and the production is associated with the exponential and postexponential phases of 2. Examples of commercial proteases’ sources, applications, and their industrial suppliersSupplierProduct trade nameMicrobial sourceApplicationNovo Nordisk, DenmarkAlcalaseBacillus licheniformisDetergent high alkaline, high temperature, silk degumming, protein hydrolysates, meat processing, fuel alcohol fermentation enhancementBiofeed proB. licheniformisFeedDurazymBacillus lentusDetergent, food, silk degummingEverlaseBacillus spDetergent bleach stableFlavorzymeAspergillus oryzaeProtein hydrolysates mixture of exo-, endo-proteasesKannaseBacillus cold washKojizymeNot specifiedProtein hydrolysatesNeutraseB. subtilisBrewing and bakingNovoBate WBBacillus 243B. licheniformisDenture cleanersNovozyme 539HP FGenetically modified Bacillus broad specificity, hydrolyses amide, and ester bonds, enantioselective catalyst in synthesis of optically active amines, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and amines; peptide synthesisNUEBacillus liming active at pH 12–13OvozymeBacillus detergent egg inhibitor-resistantProtamexBacillus protease complexProduction of protein hydrolysates, flavor development, and meat higher pH, medium temperature, AGenetically modified Bacillus broad specificity, hydrolyses amide and ester bonds, enantioselective catalyst in synthesis of optically active amines, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and amines; peptide synthesisGenencor International, USAAcid fungal proteaseAspergillus hydrolysisFermgenBacillus fermentationsFungal proteaseAspergillus dairy-selective protein hydrolysisHT proteolyticBacillus hydrolysis high temperatureMultifect neutralBacillus hydrolysis neutral pH, wheat ethanol fermentationPrimatanBacterial sourceLeather batingProperaseBacillus high alkaline, low temperatureProtexBacillus hydrolysis alkalinePurafectB. lentusDetergent high alkaline, leather alkaline soakDSM, NLAccelerezymeNon GMOCheesemaking – flavor developmentBakeZyme B500BGBacillus B500BGAspergillus proteaseBacillus neutral proteaseFromaseRhizomucor coagulantMaxirenRecombinant Kluyveromyces lactisCheesemaking fermentation produced chymosinSuparen/SurecurdCryphonectria parasiticaCheesemaking fungal coagulantAmanoPharmaceuticals JPAcid protease AA. nigerProtein hydrolysis pH protease DSA. nigerDietary supplementCollagenaseClostridium cultureNewlase FRhizopus niveusProtein hydrolysis pH hydrolysis pH 10Protease A 2A. oryzaeProtein hydrolysis pH A-DSA. oryzaeDietary supplementProtease DSA. melliusDietary supplementProtease MA. oryzaeProtein hydrolysis pH NB. subtilisBiotransformations, protein hydrolysisProtease SB. stearothermophilusBiotransformations, protein hydrolysisProtinBacillus bating, dehairing, and silver recovery pH 10–11ProzymeAspergillus melliusDigestive aidStreptokinase/streptodornaseStreptococcus pharmaceuticalThermoaseBacillus bating, dehairing, and silver recovery pH 7– Development, USAEnzeco alkaline proteaseB. licheniformisIndustrial pH alkaline protease-L FGB. licheniformisFoodEnzeco high alkaline proteaseBacillus neutral bacterial proteaseB. subtilisFood, meat tenderizingEnzeco neutral bacterial proteaseB. licheniformisVegetable protein hydrolysis pH 6– species are attractive hosts for production of proteases for a variety of reasons. They exhibit high growth rates, which result in short fermentation cycles. Several strains of Bacillus, including B. subtilis and B. licheniformis, have GRAS status from the United States Food and Drug Administration, which means these organisms and their products are generally regarded as safe. The complete sequence of B. subtilis and a number of other Bacillus species have now been published, which is facilitating the further development and engineering of these strains and their enzyme products. Bacillus species, including B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, and B. amyloliquefaciens, have a high capacity to secrete the proteases of interest into the extracellular medium. In this regard, the identification of several genes in the B. subtilis genome, which encode proteins of the major secretion pathway, including five type-I signal peptidase genes and one type-II signal peptidase, was of special significance. Genomic analysis of the alkaliphilic B. halodurans has also been especially interesting from the perspective of producing commercial alkaline proteases. Through protein engineering techniques, it has been possible to develop commercial protease variants of the B. clausii alkaline protease to generate enzymes with improved performance for use in low-temperature washes and in bleach containing variety of molecular strategies are used for development of recombinant Bacillus strains for commercial production. Engineered versions of natural plasmids from the same organism or a closely related species are introduced into hosts using transformation, cell fusion, and electroporation approaches. Native promoters, such as the promoter of the highly efficient B. subtilis α-amylase, are often exploited. It was found that more stable clones could be developed by direct insertion of DNA into the chromosome. Antibiotic resistance strategies cannot be used in commercial enzyme production fermentations for stable plasmid maintenance, and other strategies such as incorporating the only copy of another gene required for microbial growth into the plasmid have been used. Amplification of gene copy number has generated high enzyme-producing strains. It has been suggested that the ideal production strain is a genetically stable and chromosomally integrated gene, supported by high levels of expression and a different context, the ability of Bacillus species to produce both a large variety and high quantities of extracellular proteases has presented a barrier to the use of these hosts for production of cloned foreign proteins because the proteases tend to degrade the secreted cloned proteins. As a result, strategies to use protease-deficient mutants have been employed and successfully used to produce a number of intact heterologous full chapterURL and enzymatic inactivation of prions in soil environmentsClarissa J. Booth, ... Joel A. Pedersen, in Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Degradation of PrPTSE and inactivation of prions by serine proteases from Bacillus Bacillus species produce large amounts of extracellular proteases cf. Gordon et al., 1973. Proteases with the ability to degrade PrPTSE isolated from Bacillus spp. are exclusively subtilisins or subtilisin-like proteases. Commercial subtilisin 309, a serine endopeptidase from Bacillus clausii was shown to inactivate mouse-adapted scrapie prions with a reduction in infectivity by a factor of >105 achieved after 14-h incubation at 55 °C Pilon et al., 2009. Bacillus lentus has served as a source of several subtilisin-like proteases capable of degrading PrPTSE. Properase, a commercially available variant of B. lentus subtilisin, shows the ability to degrade PrPTSE. Properase differs from the native enzyme in three positions in its primary sequence and exhibits increased thermal stability Bott, 1997. Treatment of brain homogenate from mice infected with the 301V strain of mouse-adapted BSE with Properase 30 min, 60 °C, pH 12 led to a reduction infectivity by a factor of >103 McLeod et al., 2004. Enzyme-free controls demonstrated that the pH 12 conditions themselves produced a reduction in infectivity by a factor of approximately 10, indicating that basic conditions influence prion infectivity in the absence of any biotic factors McLeod et al., 2004. Another subtilisin enzyme from B. lentus was engineered to increase thermostability Graycar et al., 1992. The resulting enzyme, MC3, exhibited the ability to inactivate TSE infectivity Dickinson et al., 2009. Brief 30 min exposure of 301V prions to MC3 60 °C, pH 12 led to a reduction in TSE infectivity by a factor of >107. This enzyme is now marketed as Prionzyme by Genencor. At pH values of 2–12 both Properase and MC3 reduced immunodetectable PrPTSE, but exhibited optimal activities at pH > 8. For both enzymes, the effect of exposure on infectivity has been examined only after incubation with at 60 °C and pH 12. Nattokinase, a subtilisin-like alkaline serine protease produced by Bacillus subtilis natto, was originally extracted from the fermented soybean product nattō. Hsu et al. 2009 examined the effect of purified nattokinase on experimentally refolded fibrils of Aβ40, insulin, and recombinant human PrP huPrP108-144. After 48-h exposure 40 °C, pH 7, fibrils of all three proteins exhibited a decrease in amyloid structure as indicated by circular dichroism spectroscopy and thioflavin T binding Vassar and Culling, 1959. The subtilisin-like serine endopeptidase MSK103, isolated from B. licheniformis, eliminated PrPTSE immunoreactivity to after 20 h at 50 °C and pH 9 Yoshioka et al., 2007a. Subsequently, exposure of hamster-adapted scrapie prions strain 237 to MSK103 in 2% SDS for 20 h at 50 °C produced a reduction in infectivity by a factor of >105 Yoshioka et al., 2007b.Read full articleURL Driks, in Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 2009The outermost structure of the B. anthracis spore is a protein shell called the exosporium. The exosporium is present in a number of species including Brevibacillus laterosporus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus naganoensis, Bacillus neidei, Bacillus odysseyi, Bacillus vedderi and the all members of the B. cereus-group Driks, Unpublished observations; Hannay, 1957; La Duc et al., 2004; Vary, 1994. Species lacking the exosporium include Bacillus clausii, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus sonorensis and B. subtilis Driks, Unpublished observations; Warth et al., 1963. In most species, the exosporium is a contiguous shell surrounding the coat and separated from it by a gap called the interspace, whose contents is still unknown. The proteins comprising the exosporium surface have received considerable attention in recent years, as these molecules are strong candidates for vaccines and ligands for spore detection Fox et al., 2003; Tournier et al., 2009. These molecules can also be expected to have important roles in interactions with the environment see below. Two exosporium-surface proteins, BclA and BclB, have been identified so far Sylvestre et al., 2002; Thompson et al., 2007; Thompson and Stewart, 2008. BclA, a collagen-like glycoprotein, is the best characterized of the two Boydston et al., 2005; Giorno et al., 2009; Steichen et al., 2003; Sylvestre et al., 2002, 2003. The C terminal domain of BclA, and anthrose, a polysaccharide residue attached to BclA, contain the immunodominant spore epitopes Mehta et al., 2006; Steichen et al., 2003.Read full articleURL microbiota A new force in diagnosing and treating pancreatic cancerZhengting Jiang, ... Dong Tang, in Cancer Letters, Intratumoral microbiota as a potential biomarker for pancreatic cancer diagnosisA significant difference was observed in the abundance of microbiota between healthy tissues and pancreatic tumors Table 1. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of some microbiota associated with pancreatic cancer revealed that Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Pseudoxanthomonas, Streptomyces, Saccharopolyspora and Bacillus clausii were significantly more abundant in pancreatic tumors, while the abundance of some other microbiota only changed outside of the tumor. This demonstrates that intratumoral microbiota may be a biomarker for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, and changes in intratumoral microbiota may play a vital role in the timely detection of pancreatic cancer and prediction of prognosis [56].Table 1. Changes in the abundance of microbiota in patients with pancreatic typeMicrobial characterizationAbundance changes outside the tumorAbundance changes in the tumorReferencesEnterobacteriaceae, PseudomonadaceaePancreatic tumors16S rRNA gene sequencingincreasingincreasing[7]Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, FirmicutesPancreatic tumors16S rRNA gene sequencingincreasingincreasing[8]Pseudoxanthomonas, Streptomyces, Saccharopolyspora, Bacillus clausiiPancreatic tumors16S rRNA gene sequencingincreasingincreasing[10]Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, VerrucomicrobiaFecal16S rRNA gene sequencingincreasing[8]Porphyromonas, Aggregatibacter, Porphyromonas gingivalisSalivary16S rRNA gene sequencingincreasing[59]Leptotrichia, Fusobacteria, Porphyromonas, Streptococcus mitis, Neisseria elongateSalivary16S rRNA gene sequencingdecreasing[59]Table 2. Clinical trials of microbiota-associated pancreatic NumberTitleStatusConditionsInterventionsNCT03809247Microbial Diversity of Pancreatic DiseasesRecruitingPancreatic CancerPancreatic DiseaseNCT03840460A Prospective Translational Tissue Collection Study in Early and Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors to Enable Further Disease Characterization and the Development of Potential Predictive and Prognostic BiomarkersRecruitingPancreatic AdenocarcinomaNCT04203459The Mechanism of Enhancing the Anti-tumor Effects of CAR-T on PC by Gut Microbiota RegulationRecruitingPancreatic CancerGut MicrobiotaCAR-TNCT04600154MS-20 on Gut Microbiota and Risk/Severity of Cachexia in Pancreatic Cancer PatientsRecruitingPancreatic CancerDrug MS-20CachexiaOther PlaceboChemotherapy EffectNCT04931069Correlation Between Complications After Pancreaticoduodenectomy and MicrobiotaRecruitingPancreatic CancerOther Microbiota analysisNCT04975217Fecal Microbial Transplants for the Treatment of Pancreatic CancerRecruitingPancreatic Ductal AdenocarcinomaProcedure Fecal Microbiota TransplantationDrug Fecal Microbiota Transplantation CapsuleOther Questionnaire Administration and 2 more …NCT04993846Pancreatic Cancer and Oral MicrobiomeRecruitingOral MicrobiomeDiagnostic Test Dental plaque samplingPancreatic CancerIPMNDiagnostic Test qPCRParodontopathyNCT05193162Retrospective Study on Microbial Diversity in Paraffin Tissue of Pancreatic DiseasesRecruitingPancreatic CancerOther No any interventionPancreatic DiseaseMicrobial ColonizationNCT05271344Oral Immunonutrition With Synbiotics, Omega 3 and Vitamin D in Patients Undergoing Duodenopancreatectomy for Tumoral LesionRecruitingPancreatic CancerDietary Supplement Nutritional ProductsComplication, PostoperativeSurgery1Intratumoral microbiota is used for the early detection of pancreatic cancer. The intestinal tract, oral cavity, and NAT are the primary potential sources of the intratumoral microbiota. Of these, oral microbiota derived from saliva samples are the most readily available and are used as biomarkers for noninvasive detection [57]. Compared to healthy controls, in pancreatic cancer patients, the salivary levels of Porphyromonas, Leptrichina, Streptococcus and Leptospira significantly increased, while the levels of Neisseria and Veillonella decreased [58]. Using 16S rRNA sequencing of saliva samples from 361 pancreatic adenocarcinomas and 371 matched controls, the researchers found that Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis can increase the risk of pancreatic cancer and Fusobacteria and its genus Leptotrichia decreased this risk [59]. Additionally, Neisseria mucosa and Fusobacterium periodonticum are associated with a risk of developing pancreatic cancer [60]. Therefore, intratumoral microbiota originating from the oral cavity may be a critical target for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. However, not all oral microbiota can translocate into pancreatic tumors, and the link between changes in the oral microbiota and pancreatic tumor microbiota requires further investigation. Moreover, the abundance of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes and the levels of their metabolites including acetate and butyrate in the feces of pancreatic cancer patients were significantly lower than those in normal people. This was demonstrated to be the basis for the early detection of pancreatic cancer [61]. The microbiota in feces originates from the intestinal tract, which is also a potential microbiota source in pancreatic tumors, and the development of pancreatic cancer causes changes in the gut microbiota to manifest in feces [62]. Further investigation is required to determine whether changes in intratumoral microbiota can be demonstrated by detecting microbiota in feces and using this as a potential biomarker for diagnosing pancreatic cancer. Notably, the accuracy of oral and fecal microbiota as diagnostic markers for detecting pancreatic cancer is yet to be assessed [63]. Intratumoral microbiota may have higher accuracy in the timely detection of pancreatic microbiota is used to determine the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. Using 16SrRNA sequencing to compare DNA samples from pancreatic cancer patients with different survival outcomes, long-term survivors with an overall survival rate of over five years contained a richer variety of intratumoral microbiota than short-term survivors [10]. Among them, Bacillus clausii, Saccharopolyspora, Streptomyces and Pseudoxanthomonas are strongly associated with the long-term survival of patients, and the abundance of these bacteria is upregulated in long-term survivors [10]. Compared with healthy controls, the abundance of Fusobacterium is significantly increased in pancreatic tumors, which correlates with a shorter survival time in patients [64]. The convincing power of this experiment would be further enhanced if the abundance of Fusobacterium in pancreatic tumors of long-term survivors were compared with that of short-term survivors. These data suggest that intratumoral microbiota acts as a potential biomarker for determining the prognostic status of pancreatic cancer. Intratumoral microbiota is potentially valuable for increasing the accuracy and convenience of prognostic screening in patients with pancreatic full articleURL and derivatives hydrogels in encapsulation of probiotic bacteria An updated reviewNarmin Nezamdoost-Sani, ... Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, in Food Bioscience, GelatinThe microspheres made of gelatin alone are physically fragile and talented to rapid enzymatic digestive decomposition Nawong, Oonsivilai, Boonkerd, & Hansen, 2016.L. plantarum SC01 extracted from traditional Vietnamese yogurt entrapped in alginate-gelatin increased the percent of antibacterial activities seen in bacteriocin, which became very active during treatment at 80 °C applying the surfactant EDTA also was unaffected with pH N. T. T. Le et al., 2019.The hydrogel of bilayer encapsulation of gelatin and alginate gels guarantees the survival of probiotic strains comprising Bacillus clausii, L. acidophilus, and Saccharomyces boulardii increased considerably. This technique improved protection for probiotics than monolayer encapsulation. The cell density of these three probiotics stayed constant until 120 min after double encapsulation, which improved cell viability significantly H. D. Le & Trinh, 2018.An intelligent hydrogel of gelatin-graphene oxide nanocomposite was used to encapsulate Kluyveromyces lactis. Their swelling capacity strongly depended on pH, with the highest resistance and expansion at low pH values. Rheological and mechanical properties showed sufficient stability after performing the desired treatments. Finally, the nanocomposite allows the viability of probiotic cells to reach 73% and 54%, respectively, after 72 h of bioreactor operation and sequential exposure to gastrointestinal tract simulated media Patarroyo et al., 2021.The confinement of Bifidobacterium longum in the dual gel network of fish gelatin/sodium alginate as an effective barrier resulted in the targeted liberation of probiotics, especially their survival in the gastrointestinal system. Encapsulated probiotics showed high viability above 15% in simulated gastric juice. Fish gelatin can help to improve the strength and stiffness of the lattice structure via electrostatic interactions and durable intermolecular hydrogen linkages between the carboxylate group -COO- in the sodium alginate and the cationic amine group -NH3+ in fish gelatin J. Liu, Chen, et al., 2021.Read full articleURL in upstream and downstream strategies of pectinase bioprocessing A reviewJuliana John, ... Padmanaban Velayudhaperumal Chellam, in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Bacterial pectinasesThey serve as efficient producers of pectinase in industries. Among the wide diversity of bacterial genera available for enzyme production, Bacillus and Erwinia are the two most efficient producers of bacterial pectinases. As they are easy to handle and environmentally friendly, they prevail as predominant workhorses in microbial fermentations. A strain of Bacillus. licheniformis isolated from cassava waste dump site served as an efficient pectinase producer under submerged fermentation and showed increased yield when the conditions were optimised [17]. Though many bacterial strains are mesophilic, some extremophiles produce alkali stable as well as thermo stable pectinases which can operate at processes occurring at high alkaline conditions as well as high temperatures finding huge industrial applications. An alkaliphilic strain of Bacillus clausii isolated from soda lake in China produced a thermo alkaline pectate lysase which had a very high degumming efficiency towards ramie and it provided maximum yield and activity even at 70 °C and at pH [24]. Another thermoactive pectate lyase produced by Bacillus pumilus strain has also been reported by de los Milagros Orbera Raton et al. [25] exhibited maximal activity at 75 °C, pH and it finds its application in fibre degumming. A strain of Bacillus licheniformis UNP-1 isolated by Pathak and Jadhav [26] found to produce a thermo-pH stable pectinase which has potential applications in the biotechnological industries in future. Another novel alkali stable pectate lyase was also produced by Bacillus subtilis isolated from flue-cured tobacco leaves and their enzymes retained their activities even at pH and 50 °C [27]. Ahlawat et al. [28] also reported the production of a pectinase by using Bacillus subtilis and this enzyme showed wide range of pH and thermal stability and thus it can be used in processes involved in paper and pulp industries. An alkaliphilic strain of Bacillus pumilus BK2 was isolated by Klug-Santner et al. [10] had high activity and applicable in bioscouring of full articleURL of microbiome changes on endocrine ghrelin signaling – A systematic reviewMartha A. Schalla, Andreas Stengel, in Peptides, ProbioticsThe probiotic supplement VSL3™ contains Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. It was tested in a 16-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial which showed that VSL3™ acts obesogenic [63]. Obese Hispanic adolescents receiving the supplement exhibited an increase in adiposity and fat mass; however, ghrelin levels and overall composition of gut microbiomes or individual microbiomes were not affected [63]. The use of spore-based probiotic supplements containing Bacillus indicus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus clausii seems more promising. In subjects with increased postprandial serum endotoxin concentrations, likely associated with increased gastrointestinal permeability and dysbiosis, the spore-based probiotic supplement decreased postprandial endotoxins and triglycerides as well as serum ghrelin after daily supplementation for 30 days compared to before supplementation, giving rise to a restored post-prandial ghrelin response and an improvement in post-prandial hunger/satiety control; however, no significant effect on body weight was detected [64], which was, as the authors suggest, likely due to the short time period of the significance of SCFA alterations on ghrelin concentration was also corroborated by a study investigating probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis V9 in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS. Bifidobacterium lactis V9 induced an increase in intestinal SCFAs including the levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid [65]. In subjects where B. lactis V9 survived in the gut =responders, assessed by fecal sample analysis it increased the fecal abundances of the genera Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Butyricimonas and Akkermansia and decreased fecal abundance of rRNA of the genera Collinsella, Coprococcus, Klebsiella, Clostridium, Actinomyces, Streptococcus, Eubacterium and Ochrobactrum [65]. Moreover, 10 weeks of oral B. lactis V9 supplementation increased circulating ghrelin levels in responders [65]. As a consequence the authors suggested that the consumption of Bifidobacterium lactis V9 promotes the growth of SCFA-producing microbes and that increased levels of SCFAs in turn impact on the secretion of ghrelin assumedly via SCFA receptors on enteroendocrine cells as already shown for PYY and GLP-1 [65]. Since these parameters were not studied in healthy controls, a study in healthy volunteers should be added to reduce the number of possible confounding factors. Moreover, the relevance of Bifidobacterium lactis V9 supplementation on body weight in relation to ghrelin remains to be further full articleURL

bacillus subtilis và bacillus clausii